International Space Station (ISS)
Under construction in low Earth orbit since 1998 and continuously inhabited since November 2000, the station is a joint project of five space agencies and the longest continuously operated human-made object in space.
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living encyclopedia entryThe International Space Station (ISS) is a complex in low Earth orbit that has been under construction since November 1998, operated jointly by the American NASA, the Russian Roscosmos, the European ESA, the Japanese JAXA, and the Canadian CSA. It arose from the merger of previously separate national projects after the end of the Cold War.
Since 2 November 2000, when the first permanent crew (Expedition 1) arrived, the station has been continuously inhabited — the longest uninterrupted human presence in space in history. It serves as a laboratory for microgravity research and as a testbed for future long-duration flights beyond Earth orbit.
In 1984, US President Ronald Reagan announced the construction of America's own space station, Freedom. After the end of the Cold…
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On 20 November 1998, a Russian Proton launch vehicle carried the station's first module into orbit — Zarya, funded by the United…
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In July 2000, the station was joined by the Russian service module Zvezda, with living quarters and systems for long-duration…
číst kapitolu →Over the following decade, Space Shuttles and Russian launch vehicles added scientific laboratories, a truss structure with solar…
číst kapitolu →After the end of the Space Shuttle, crew transport was provided for nearly a decade exclusively by Russian Soyuz spacecraft,…
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ISS V ČÍSLECH
- ISS je největší lidmi vytvořená struktura na oběžné dráze Země, poskládaná z modulů dodaných raketoplány i ruskými nosiči Proton a Sojuz.
- Na stavbě a provozu spolupracuje pět vesmírných agentur: NASA (USA), Roskosmos (Rusko), ESA (Evropa), JAXA (Japonsko) a CSA (Kanada).
- Od 2. listopadu 2000 je stanice nepřetržitě obydlena — jde o nejdelší souvislou lidskou přítomnost ve vesmíru v historii.
- Za jeden pozemský den oběhne ISS Zemi přibližně patnáctkrát a půl.
KLÍČOVÉ MILNÍKY
Ruský nosič Proton vynáší první modul stanice.
GALERIE
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ARTICLE ON THE TIMELINE
FULL TIMELINE →The Dragon cargo ship (COTS 2+/Dragon C2+ mission) became the first privately developed spacecraft in history to dock with the International Space Station.
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